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<title>Botrypus</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><i>Botrypus</i></span>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Botrypus</i>

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<th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div>

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<td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><br>Secure <small> (<a href="NatureServe_conservation_status" title="NatureServe conservation status">NatureServe</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class=" taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a>

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<td><i>Clade</i>:

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<td><a href="Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a>

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<td>Division:

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<td><a href="Fern" title="Fern">Polypodiophyta</a>

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<td>Class:

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<td><a href="Fern" title="Fern">Polypodiopsida</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Ophioglossaceae" title="Ophioglossaceae">Ophioglossales</a>

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<td>Family:

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<td><a href="Ophioglossaceae" title="Ophioglossaceae">Ophioglossaceae</a>

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<td>Subfamily:

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<td><a href="Botrychioideae" class="mw-redirect" title="Botrychioideae">Botrychioideae</a>

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<td>Genus:

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<td><br><small><a href="Andr%C3%A9_Michaux" title="André Michaux">Michx.</a></small>

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<td>Species:

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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>B. virginianus</b></i></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i>Botrypus virginianus</i></span></b><br><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a>) <a href="Andr%C3%A9_Michaux" title="André Michaux">Michx.</a></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a>

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<ul><li>Genus:

<ul><li><i>Botrychium</i> section <i>Osmundopteris</i> <small>Milde</small></li>

<li><i>Botrychium</i> (<i>Osmundopteris</i>) <small>(Milde) Clausen</small></li>

<li><i>Osmundopteris</i> <small>(Milde) Small</small></li>

<li><i>Botrychium</i> section <i>Virginianae</i> <small>Clausen</small></li></ul></li>

<li>Species:

<ul><li><i>Osmunda virginiana</i> <small>L.</small></li>

<li><i>Botrychium virginianum</i> <small>(L.) Sw.</small></li>

<li><i>Japanobotrychium virginianum</i> <small>(L.) M.Nishida</small></li>

<li><i>Osmundopteris virginiana</i> <small>(L.) Small</small></li></ul></li></ul>

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<p><i><b>Botrypus virginianus</b></i>, <a href="Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">synonym</a> <i><b>Botrychium virginianum</b></i>, sometimes called <b>rattlesnake fern</b> is a species of <a href="Perennial" title="Perennial">perennial</a> <a href="Fern" title="Fern">fern</a> in the <a href="Ophioglossaceae" title="Ophioglossaceae">adders-tongue family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christenhusz_2011b_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christenhusz_2011b-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="Monotypic_taxon" title="Monotypic taxon">monotypic</a> within the genus <i><b>Botrypus</b></i>, meaning that it is the only species within the genus. It is called the rattlesnake fern in some parts of North America, due to its habit of growing in places where rattlesnakes are also found.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-popa_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popa-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rattlesnake fern prefers to grow in rich, moist woods in dense shade and will not tolerate direct sunlight.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>It is a low growing species, typically being a foot high or smaller. The leaf emerges in the early spring and will senesce in late summer. The leaf is roughly triangularly shaped and 15–50 cm in size and held roughly parallel to the ground. The leaf is 3-4 times pinnately compound, brightly green colored, and feels soft to the touch. The stem is round and bicolor, being pinkish or light tan at the base but greenish nearer the branches or leaves. The diploid number is 184.<sup id="cite_ref-fna_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fna-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Rattlesnake fern has separate fertile and sterile leaves, when present the sterile leaf arises halfway up the stalk and the fertile leaf exists at the tip. The spores are shed in late spring. Like other ferns rattlesnake fern undergoes <a href="Alternation_of_generations" title="Alternation of generations">alternation of generations</a> and the form described in this article is the <a href="Sporophyte" title="Sporophyte">sporophyte</a>.

</p><p>This fern has been used <a href="Herbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">medicinally</a>. In India it is still used to treat <a href="Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_genetics">Taxonomy and genetics</h2></div>

<p>The first formal <a href="Species_description" title="Species description">species description</a> of <i>Botrypus virginianus</i> was made by <a href="Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> in 1753 as <i>Osmunda virginiana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Recent research has determined that the mitochondria are genetic <a href="Chimera_(genetics)" title="Chimera (genetics)">chimera</a>. DNA from some member of the <a href="Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a>, possibly a species of <a href="Mistletoe" title="Mistletoe">mistletoe</a>, has transferred to the mitochondrial genome of this species of fern.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that this transfer may have helped to enable this plant's cosmopolitan global distribution.

</p><p>This plant has traditionally been included in the genus <i><a href="Botrychium" title="Botrychium">Botrychium</a></i> as the subgenus <i>Osmundopteris</i> (based on the species' superficial similarities to the genus <i>Osmunda</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), but was unique within the genus because of chromosome number and other signatures, including the inclusion of presumed mistletoe DNA within its mitochondria. Recent research has established that this plant is sister to all other botrychioid plants, including both the genus <i>Botrychium</i> sensu stricto – rattlesnake fern,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> common grapefern<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – and the genus <i>Sceptridium</i>, with the exception of a single known species, previously included in <i>Botrypus</i>, which is <i>B. strictus</i>. That plant was shown to be sister to all other botrychioids, so must be segregated in its own genus.<sup id="cite_ref-HaukParks2003_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaukParks2003-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_uses">Distribution and uses</h2></div>

<p>This is a wide-ranging species. It abounds in many parts of the United States, in the mountains of <a href="Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, in <a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, in some parts of <a href="Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, as the <a href="Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalaya Mountains</a>, and is found also in <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, in the <a href="Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a> region of <a href="Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and Russia, and around <a href="Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a>, although in no other part of <a href="Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. It is large and succulent and is boiled and eaten in the Himalayas.

</p><p>In the southern <a href="Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>, some wild <a href="American_ginseng" title="American ginseng">ginseng</a> hunters use <i>B. virginianum</i> as "indicator species" to locate the root.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellison_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellison-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led to local names for the fern that allude to this role, including <i>sang-find</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>seng sign</i><sup id="cite_ref-Ellison_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellison-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>seng pointer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellison_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellison-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129787/Botrychium_virginianum">"NatureServe Explorer 2.0 - <i>Botrychium virginianum</i> Rattlesnake Fern"</a>. <i>explorer.natureserve.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Christenhusz_2011b-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Christenhusz_2011b_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChristenhuszZhangSchneider2011" class="citation journal cs1">Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf">"A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Phytotaxa</i>. <b>19</b>: <span class="nowrap">7–</span>54. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.19.1.2">10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNRCS" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">NRCS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/BOVI">"<i>Botrychium virginianum</i>"</a>. <i>PLANTS Database</i>. <a href="United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 Jan</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-popa-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popa_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRhoadsBlock2007" class="citation book cs1">Rhoads, Ann; Block, Timothy (5 September 2007). <i>The Plants of Pennsylvania</i> (2 ed.). Philadelphia Pa: University of Pennsylvania press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8122-4003-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-fna-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fna_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500296">"Botrychium virginianum"</a>. <i>www.efloras.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethnoleaflets.com/leaflets/pterido.htm">Ethnobotanical Leaflets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316125324/http://ethnoleaflets.com/leaflets/pterido.htm">Archived</a> 2012-03-16 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus1753" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, C.</a> (1753). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/359085"><i>Species Plantarum</i></a>. Vol. II. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 1064.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, C. C., et al. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ccdavis/pdfs/Davis_et_al_Proc_Royal_Soc_2005.pdf">Gene transfer from a parasitic flowering plant to a fern.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908053516/http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ccdavis/pdfs/Davis_et_al_Proc_Royal_Soc_2005.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-09-08 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Proc. R. Soc. B</i> 272, 2237–2242.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cobb, Farsworth & Lowe, <i>Ferns of Northeastern North America</i> 2nd edition, p. 247 (2005)</span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNRCS" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">NRCS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/BOVI">"<i>B. virginianum</i>"</a>. <i>PLANTS Database</i>. <a href="United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 Dec</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500296"><i>B. virginianum</i></a> Flora of North America, www.eFloras.org 26 Dec 2011</span>

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<li id="cite_note-HaukParks2003-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HaukParks2003_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaukParksChase2003" class="citation journal cs1">Hauk, Warren D.; Parks, Clifford R.; Chase, Mark W. (2003). "Phylogenetic studies of Ophioglossaceae: evidence from rbcL and trnL-F plastid DNA sequences and morphology". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>28</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">131–</span>151. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003MolPE..28..131H">2003MolPE..28..131H</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1055-7903%2803%2900032-0">10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00032-0</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1055-7903">1055-7903</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12801476">12801476</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Ellison-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ellison_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ellison_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ellison_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEllison2011" class="citation news cs1">Ellison, George (9 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smokymountainnews.com/archives/item/5544-ginseng-ferns-and-an-ancient-dialect">"Ginseng, Ferns and an Ancient Dialect"</a>. <i>Smoky Mountain News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://testapp-mikelee.apps.cloudapps.unc.edu/cust/20231/main.php?pg=show-taxon.php&parentid=64191">"Botrypus virginianus"</a></i> at Flora of the Southeastern United States. 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2025.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Botrychium_virginianum" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Botrychium virginianum">Botrychium virginianum</a></span>.</div></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Classification_of_Archaeplastida_or_Plantae_s.l.1376" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C3EEC3;;background: #90EE90;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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</style><div id="Classification_of_Archaeplastida_or_Plantae_s.l.1376" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Classification of <a href="Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a> or <a href="Plant" title="Plant">Plantae <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="sensu lato; in the broad sense"><i>s.l.</i></span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #C3EEC3;"><div><div class="hlist">

<dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="Domain_(biology)" title="Domain (biology)">Domain</a></span></dt>

<dd>Archaea</dd>

<dd>Bacteria</dd>

<dd>Eukaryota</dd>

<dt><span class="nobold">(major groups</span></dt>

<dd>Metamonada</dd>

<dd>Discoba</dd>

<dd><a href="Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a>

<dl><dd>Hacrobia

<dl><dd>Cryptista</dd></dl></dd>

<dd>Rhizaria</dd>

<dd>Alveolata</dd>

<dd>Stramenopiles</dd>

<dd>Plants</dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a>

<dl><dd>Amoebozoa</dd>

<dd>Opisthokonta

<dl><dd>Animals</dd>

<dd>Fungi</dd>

<dd>Mesomycetozoea)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl>

</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><i>incertae sedis</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<a href="Algospongia" title="Algospongia">Algospongia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;">Glaucoplantae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Glaucophyta83" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Glaucophyte" title="Glaucophyte">Glaucophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Glaucophyte" title="Glaucophyte">Glaucocystophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-25px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">Rhodoplantae</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Picozoa" title="Picozoa">Picozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Picomonas" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomonas">Picomonadea</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Rhodelphis" title="Rhodelphis">Rhodelphidia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rhodelphis" title="Rhodelphis">Rhodelphea</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Red_algae" title="Red algae">Rhodophyta</a><br><span class="nobold">(red algae)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;">Cyanidiophytina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cyanidiophyceae" title="Cyanidiophyceae">Cyanidiophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Proteorhodophytina" title="Proteorhodophytina">Proteorhodophytina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Porphyridiophyceae" title="Porphyridiophyceae">Porphyridiophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Stylonematophyceae" title="Stylonematophyceae">Stylonematophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Compsopogonophyceae" title="Compsopogonophyceae">Compsopogonophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhodellophyceae" title="Rhodellophyceae">Rhodellophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Eurhodophytina" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurhodophytina">Eurhodophytina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bangiophyceae" title="Bangiophyceae">Bangiophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Florideophyceae" title="Florideophyceae">Florideophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-65px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Viridiplantae" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae</a> <span class="nobold">or <a href="Plant" title="Plant">Plantae <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="sensu stricto; in the strict sense"><i>s.s.</i></span></a><br>(<a href="Green_algae" title="Green algae">green algae</a> & land plants)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Prasinodermophyta" title="Prasinodermophyta">Prasinodermophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Prasinoderma" title="Prasinoderma">Prasinodermophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Palmophyllophyceae" title="Palmophyllophyceae">Palmophyllophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;">Prasinophytina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mamiellophyceae" title="Mamiellophyceae">Mamiellophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyramimonadophyceae" title="Pyramimonadophyceae">Pyramimonadophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;">Chlorophytina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nephroselmidaceae" title="Nephroselmidaceae">Nephroselmidophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Picocystis" title="Picocystis">Picocystophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Chloropicophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloropicophyceae">Chloropicophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Pedinophyceae" title="Pedinophyceae">Pedinophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Chlorodendrales" title="Chlorodendrales">Chlorodendrophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="UTC_clade" title="UTC clade">UTC clade</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ulvophyceae" title="Ulvophyceae">Ulvophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Trebouxiophyceae" title="Trebouxiophyceae">Trebouxiophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Chlorophyceae" title="Chlorophyceae">Chlorophyceae</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-30px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Streptophyta" title="Streptophyta">Streptophyta</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;;background: #D4EED4;">Chlorokybophytina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mesostigmatophyceae" title="Mesostigmatophyceae">Mesostigmatophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Chlorokybophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorokybophyceae">Chlorokybophyceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirotaenia" title="Spirotaenia">Spirotaeniaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;;background: #D4EED4;">Klebsormidiophytina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Klebsormidiales" title="Klebsormidiales">Klebsormidiophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin: -55px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Phragmoplastophyta" title="Phragmoplastophyta">Phragmoplastophyta</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;">Charophytina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Charophyceae" title="Charophyceae">Charophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;">Coleochaetophytina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Coleochaetophyceae" title="Coleochaetophyceae">Coleochaetophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin: -30px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);">Anydrophyta</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Zygnematophytina4872" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;">Zygnematophytina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Zygnematophyceae" title="Zygnematophyceae">Zygnematophyceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-30px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Embryophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a><br><span class="nobold">(land plants)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-25px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">Bryophytes</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Liverwort" title="Liverwort">Marchantiophyta</a><br><span class="nobold">(liverworts)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Haplomitriopsida" title="Haplomitriopsida">Haplomitriopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Marchantiopsida" title="Marchantiopsida">Marchantiopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Jungermanniopsida" title="Jungermanniopsida">Jungermanniopsida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Hornwort" title="Hornwort">Anthocerotophyta</a><br><span class="nobold">(hornworts)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Leiosporoceros" title="Leiosporoceros">Leiosporocerotopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Hornwort" title="Hornwort">Anthocerotopsida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Moss" title="Moss">Bryophyta</a><br><span class="nobold">(mosses)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Takakia" title="Takakia">Takakiopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Sphagnopsida" title="Sphagnopsida">Sphagnopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Andreaeobryum" title="Andreaeobryum">Andreaeobryopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Andreaeaceae" title="Andreaeaceae">Andreaeopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Oedipodium" title="Oedipodium">Oedipodiopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Tetraphidaceae" title="Tetraphidaceae">Tetraphidopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Polytrichaceae" title="Polytrichaceae">Polytrichopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Bryopsida" title="Bryopsida">Bryopsida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-55px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);"> <a href="Polysporangiophyte" title="Polysporangiophyte">Polysporangiophytes</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="†Protracheophytes*3366" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span class="nobold">†</span>Protracheophytes*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<i><a href="Aglaophyton" title="Aglaophyton">Aglaophyton</a></i></li>

<li>†Eophytidae</li>

<li>†<a href="Horneophytopsida" title="Horneophytopsida">Horneophytopsida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-35px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a><br><span class="nobold">(vascular plants)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="†Paratracheophytes*2901" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span class="nobold">†</span>Paratracheophytes*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Cooksoniopsida</li>

<li>†Renaliales</li>

<li>†<a href="Rhyniophyte" title="Rhyniophyte">Rhyniopsida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-42px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);">Eutracheophytes</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lycophytes2492" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Lycophyte" title="Lycophyte">Lycophytes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<a href="Barinophyte" title="Barinophyte">Barinophytopsida</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Zosterophyll" title="Zosterophyll">Zosterophyllopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Lycopodiopsida" title="Lycopodiopsida">Lycopodiopsida</a> (<a href="Lycopodiaceae" title="Lycopodiaceae">clubmosses</a>, <a href="Selaginella" title="Selaginella">spikemosses</a> & <a href="Isoetes" title="Isoetes">quillworts</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-40px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Euphyllophyte" title="Euphyllophyte">Euphyllophytes</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<a href="Eophyllophyton" title="Eophyllophyton">Eophyllophytopsida</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Trimerophytopsida" title="Trimerophytopsida">Trimerophytopsida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;">Moniliformopses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Ibykales</li>

<li>†<a href="Cladoxylopsida" title="Cladoxylopsida">Cladoxylopsida</a></li>

<li><a href="Fern" title="Fern">Polypodiopsida</a> (ferns and <a href="Equisetum" title="Equisetum">horsetails</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-30px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);">Lignophytes</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="†Progymnosperms*1539" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span class="nobold">†</span><a href="Progymnosperm" title="Progymnosperm">Progymnosperms</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Aneurophytopsida</li>

<li>†Archaeopteridopsida</li>

<li>†Noeggerathiopsida</li>

<li>†Protopityales</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span style="margin: -35px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Seed_plant" title="Seed plant">Spermatophytes</a><br><span class="nobold">(seed plants)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><span class="nobold">†</span><a href="Pteridospermatophyta" title="Pteridospermatophyta">Pteridosperms</a><span class="nobold">*</span><br><span class="nobold">(seed ferns)<br>and other extinct<br> seed plant groups</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<a href="Bennettitales" title="Bennettitales">Bennettitales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Calamopityales" class="mw-redirect" title="Calamopityales">Calamopityales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Callistophytales" title="Callistophytales">Callistophytales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Caytoniales" title="Caytoniales">Caytoniales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Cordaitales" title="Cordaitales">Cordaitales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Corystospermaceae" title="Corystospermaceae">Corystospermales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Czekanowskiales" title="Czekanowskiales">Czekanowskiales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Gigantopteridales" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigantopteridales">Gigantopteridales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Glossopteridales" title="Glossopteridales">Glossopteridales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Lyginopteridales" title="Lyginopteridales">Lyginopteridopsida</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Medullosales" title="Medullosales">Medullosales</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Peltaspermales" title="Peltaspermales">Peltaspermopsida</a></li>

<li>†<a href="Pentoxylales" title="Pentoxylales">Pentoxylopsida</a></li>

<li>†Petriellales</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Acrogymnospermae</a><br><span class="nobold">(living gymnosperms)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cycad" title="Cycad">Cycadopsida (cycads)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ginkgoales" title="Ginkgoales">Ginkgoales (<i>Ginkgo</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Conifer" title="Conifer">Pinopsida (conifers)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnetophyta" title="Gnetophyta">Gnetopsida</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #D4EED4;"><a href="Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiospermae</a><br><span class="nobold">(flowering plants)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">Basal angiosperms</a></li>

<li><a href="Mesangiospermae" title="Mesangiospermae">Core angiosperms</a>

<ul><li><a href="Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliids</a></li>

<li><a href="Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a></li>

<li><a href="Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #C3EEC3;"><div>

<ul><li>*<a href="Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> groups</li>

<li>† = <a href="Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href="List_of_plant_orders" title="List of plant orders">List of plant orders</a></li>

<li><a href="Plant#Current_definitions_of_Plantae" title="Plant">Current definitions of Plantae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fern_classification466" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;;background:#90EE90;"><div id="Fern_classification466" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Fern" title="Fern">Fern</a> classification</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;"><div>

<ul><li>Kingdom Plant:</li>

<li>Rhodophyta</li>

<li>Chlorophyta</li>

<li>Marchantiophyta</li>

<li>Bryophyta</li>

<li>Anthocerotophyta</li>

<li>Polypodiophyta</li>

<li>Acrogymnospermae</li>

<li>Angiospermae</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;">Basal clade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<a href="Ibyka" title="Ibyka">Ibykales</a>

<ul><li>†<a href="Ibyka" title="Ibyka">Ibykaceae</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;">†<a href="Cladoxylopsida" title="Cladoxylopsida">Cladoxylopsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Cladoxylales

<ul><li>†Cladoxylaceae</li>

<li>†Voelkeliaceae</li></ul></li>

<li>†Hyeniales

<ul><li>†Hyeniaceae</li></ul></li>

<li>†<a href="Iridopteridales" title="Iridopteridales">Iridopteridales</a>

<ul><li>†Iridopteridaceae</li></ul></li>

<li>†<a href="Pseudosporochnales" title="Pseudosporochnales">Pseudosporochnales</a>

<ul><li>†Pseudosporochnaceae</li></ul></li>

<li>†Steloxylales

<ul><li>†Steloxylaceae</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Polypodiopsida230" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-40px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Polypodiopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypodiopsida">Polypodiopsida</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;">†Stauropterididae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<a href="Stauropteridaceae" title="Stauropteridaceae">Stauropteridales</a>

<ul><li>†<a href="Stauropteridaceae" title="Stauropteridaceae">Stauropteridaceae</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;">†Zygopterididae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<a href="Rhacophytales" title="Rhacophytales">Rhacophytales</a>

<ul><li>†Rhacophytaceae</li></ul></li>

<li>†<a href="Zygopteridales" title="Zygopteridales">Zygopteridales</a>

<ul><li>†<a href="Zygopteridaceae" title="Zygopteridaceae">Zygopteridaceae</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Equisetidae" title="Equisetidae">Equisetidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†<a href="Pseudoborniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoborniales">Pseudoborniales</a>

<ul><li>†<a href="Pseudoborniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoborniaceae">Pseudoborniaceae</a></li></ul></li>

<li>†<a href="Sphenophyllales" title="Sphenophyllales">Sphenophyllales</a>

<ul><li>†Aspidostachyaceae</li>

<li>†Boegendorfiaceae</li>

<li>†Eviostachyaceae</li>

<li>†<a href="Sphenophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenophyllaceae">Sphenophyllaceae</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Equisetales" title="Equisetales">Equisetales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Asterocalamitaceae</li>

<li>†Autophyllitaceae</li>

<li>†Honseleriaceae</li>

<li>†<a href="Archaeocalamitaceae" title="Archaeocalamitaceae">Archaeocalamitaceae</a></li>

<li>†Paracalamitaceae</li>

<li>†<a href="Calamitaceae" title="Calamitaceae">Calamitaceae</a></li>

<li>†Apocalamitaceae</li>

<li>†Konnostachyaceae</li>

<li>†Manchurostachyaceae</li>

<li>†Notocalamitaceae</li>

<li>†Schizoneuraceae</li>

<li>†Sorocaulinaceae</li>

<li>†Echinostachyaceae</li>

<li>†Gondwanostachyaceae</li>

<li>†Tchernoviaceae</li>

<li><a href="Equisetaceae" title="Equisetaceae">Equisetaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Ophioglossidae" title="Ophioglossidae">Ophioglossidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Psilotales" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilotales">Psilotales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Psilotaceae" title="Psilotaceae">Psilotaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Ophioglossales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophioglossales">Ophioglossales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ophioglossaceae" title="Ophioglossaceae">Ophioglossaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;">Marattiidae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Marattiales15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Marattiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Marattiales">Marattiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Knorripteridaceae</li>

<li>†Pecopteridaceae</li>

<li>†Ptychocarpaceae</li>

<li>†Weichseliaceae</li>

<li>†Asterothecaceae</li>

<li>†Danaeopsidaceae</li>

<li><a href="Marattiaceae" title="Marattiaceae">Marattiaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Polypodiidae249" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="margin:-30px; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); -moz-transform: rotate(270deg); -ms-transform: rotate(270deg); -o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="Polypodiidae_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypodiidae (plant)">Polypodiidae</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Anachoropteridales

<ul><li>†Anachoropteridaceae</li>

<li>†Psalixochlaenaceae</li>

<li>†Sermayaceae</li></ul></li>

<li>†Botryopteridiales

<ul><li>†Botryopteridiaceae</li></ul></li>

<li>†Senftenbergiales

<ul><li>†Senftenbergiaceae</li></ul></li>

<li>†Urnatopteridales

<ul><li>†Crossothecaceae</li>

<li>†Discopteridaceae</li>

<li>†Urnatopteridaceae</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Osmundales" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmundales">Osmundales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Guaireaceae</li>

<li><a href="Osmundaceae" title="Osmundaceae">Osmundaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Hymenophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymenophyllales">Hymenophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hymenophyllaceae" title="Hymenophyllaceae">Hymenophyllaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Gleicheniales" title="Gleicheniales">Gleicheniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Oligocarpiaceae</li>

<li><a href="Dipteridaceae" title="Dipteridaceae">Dipteridaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Gleicheniaceae" title="Gleicheniaceae">Gleicheniaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Matoniaceae" title="Matoniaceae">Matoniaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Schizaeales" title="Schizaeales">Schizaeales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Acrostichopteridaceae</li>

<li>†Cynepteridaceae</li>

<li>†Klukiaceae</li>

<li>†Stachypteridaceae</li>

<li>†<a href="Tempskyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempskyaceae">Tempskyaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Anemiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anemiaceae">Anemiaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lygodiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lygodiaceae">Lygodiaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Schizaeaceae" title="Schizaeaceae">Schizaeaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Salviniales" title="Salviniales">Salviniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Heroleandraceae</li>

<li><a href="Marsileaceae" title="Marsileaceae">Marsileaceae</a></li>

<li>†Hydropteridiaceae</li>

<li><a href="Salviniaceae" title="Salviniaceae">Salviniaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Cyatheales" title="Cyatheales">Cyatheales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;">Thyrsopteridineae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Thyrsopteridaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyrsopteridaceae">Thyrsopteridaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Loxsomataceae" title="Loxsomataceae">Loxsomataceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Plagiogyriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plagiogyriaceae">Plagiogyriaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Culcitaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Culcitaceae">Culcitaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;">Cyatheineae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>†Tanydoraceae</li>

<li><a href="Metaxyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaxyaceae">Metaxyaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cibotiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cibotiaceae">Cibotiaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Dicksoniaceae" title="Dicksoniaceae">Dicksoniaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyatheaceae" title="Cyatheaceae">Cyatheaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Polypodiales" title="Polypodiales">Polypodiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Saccolomatineae" class="mw-redirect" title="Saccolomatineae">Saccolomatineae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="Saccolomataceae" title="Saccolomataceae">Saccolomataceae</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Lindsaeineae" title="Lindsaeineae">Lindsaeineae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cystodiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cystodiaceae">Cystodiaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lonchitidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lonchitidaceae">Lonchitidaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lindsaeaceae" title="Lindsaeaceae">Lindsaeaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Pteridineae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteridineae">Pteridineae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="Pteridaceae" title="Pteridaceae">Pteridaceae</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;">Dennstaedtiineae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="Dennstaedtiaceae" title="Dennstaedtiaceae">Dennstaedtiaceae</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="Aspleniineae" title="Aspleniineae">Aspleniineae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cystopteridaceae" title="Cystopteridaceae">Cystopteridaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhachidosoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhachidosoraceae">Rhachidosoridaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Diplaziopsidaceae" title="Diplaziopsidaceae">Diplaziopsidaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Hemidictyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemidictyaceae">Hemidictyaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Desmophlebiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Desmophlebiaceae">Desmophlebiaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Aspleniaceae" title="Aspleniaceae">Aspleniaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Thelypteridaceae" title="Thelypteridaceae">Thelypteridaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Woodsiaceae" title="Woodsiaceae">Woodsiaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Onocleaceae" title="Onocleaceae">Onocleaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Blechnaceae" title="Blechnaceae">Blechnaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Athyriaceae" title="Athyriaceae">Athyriaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;">Polypodiineae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hypodematiaceae" title="Hypodematiaceae">Hypodematiaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Didymochlaenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Didymochlaenaceae">Didymochlaenaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Dryopteridaceae" title="Dryopteridaceae">Dryopteridaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lomariopsidaceae" title="Lomariopsidaceae">Lomariopsidaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Nephrolepidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephrolepidaceae">Nephrolepidaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Tectariaceae" title="Tectariaceae">Tectariaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Oleandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleandraceae">Oleandraceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Davalliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Davalliaceae">Davalliaceae</a></li>

<li><a href="Polypodiaceae" title="Polypodiaceae">Polypodiaceae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers10683" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers10683" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Botrypus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2219826" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q2219826">Q2219826</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/72017">72017</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1383050">1383050</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A77126848-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126848-1</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/40029979">40029979</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/27736">27736</a></span></span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Botrypus virginianus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2077686" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q2077686">Q2077686</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id82709">82709</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Calflora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=11424">11424</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/BOYVI">BOYVI</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/75855">75855</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MichiganFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=1790">1790</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30075594-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30075594-2</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/26613482">26613482</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/12948">12948</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">WisFlora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=12874">12874</a></span></span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Botrychium virginianum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17258002" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q17258002">Q17258002</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Botrychium_virginianum" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Botrychium virginianum">Botrychium virginianum</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/150280">150280</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Euro+Med PlantBase: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/34a32974-44b3-4cf7-ba7a-34fd04f48f48">34a32974-44b3-4cf7-ba7a-34fd04f48f48</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/154819">154819</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10854277">10854277</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.129787/">2.129787</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/150048/">150048</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-26602189">tro-26602189</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/BOVI">BOVI</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A1106719-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1106719-2</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/26602189">26602189</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/3868">3868</a></span></span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Osmunda virginiana</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21876049" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q21876049">Q21876049</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A177127-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:177127-2</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/26604128">26604128</a></span></span></li>

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